Factors Influencing Employee Work–Life Balance: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This study aims to examine the factors influencing employees’ work–life balance (WLB) using a systematic literature review (SLR) approach. To ensure a structured and transparent review process, the literature search and selection were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework. Data were obtained from Google Scholar, Garuda, and the Science and Technology Index (SINTA), covering publications from 2021 to 2025. A total of 20 relevant empirical studies were selected for analysis. The findings indicate that work–life balance is a multidimensional construct shaped by individual, organizational, as well as social and family-related factors. Organizational factors—particularly perceived organizational and supervisory support, work flexibility, leadership style, and the management of workload and working hours—emerged as the most consistent and influential determinants of WLB. Meanwhile, individual factors such as job stress, role conflict, self-efficacy, and work motivation, along with social and family support, demonstrated significant but varied effects across studies. This review provides an integrated overview of the determinants of work–life balance and offers a foundation for future research as well as for the development of organizational policies aimed at supporting employee well-being and sustainable performance.